Underwriting

Cap Rate Explained

Capitalization rate — cap rate — is the most common way to compare rental properties on a like-for-like basis. It strips out financing so you can judge the property itself.

The cap rate formula

Cap Rate = Net Operating Income ÷ Purchase Price

If a property nets $18,000 a year and costs $250,000, the cap rate is 7.2%. Because it ignores your mortgage, two investors with different loans can still compare the same property fairly.

What's a good cap rate?

It depends on the market and risk. Stable, low-risk areas often trade at 4–6%; higher-risk or higher-growth markets can run 7–10%+. A higher cap rate means more income per dollar invested — but often more risk or work.

Cap rate vs cash-on-cash

Cap rate measures the property unleveraged. Cash-on-cash measures your return after financing, based on the actual cash you put in. You want both — cap rate to compare properties, cash-on-cash to judge your personal return.

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FAQ

Does cap rate include the mortgage?
No. Cap rate deliberately excludes financing so properties can be compared on equal footing. Use cash-on-cash return to factor in your loan.
Is a higher cap rate always better?
Not necessarily — a high cap rate often signals higher risk, a tougher location, or more management. Balance it against the quality of the asset.

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